KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND HYGIENE PRACTICES TOWARDS ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN ILORIN WEST LGA, NIGERIA

  • Authors:Olosasa H.O., Adewoye, S.O., Omotoso I.O., Musa H.S.
  • Publication Date:October 28, 2026
  • Type:
  • DOL:https://homeofresearchpub.com/publications/ijphd-20262307
  • Publication On:International Journal of Public Health and Disease Control
  • Volume/Issue:OCTOBER 2026 VOL. 1

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important public health concern, particularly in communities where inappropriate antibiotic use and poor hygiene may contribute to its spread. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene practices related to AMR among residents of Ilorin West Local Government Area (LGA), Kwara State, Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 adults selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27.0. Knowledge was assessed using 10 items, with correct responses scored 1 and incorrect responses scored 0. Individual scores were summed and classified as poor, fair, or good. Attitudes and hygiene practices were assessed using a four-point Likert scale, with 2.50 used as the decision benchmark.

Results: Respondents had a good overall level of knowledge of AMR. Most recognized the roles of poor hygiene, incomplete antibiotic courses, non-prescription antibiotic use, and poor sanitation in AMR. However, only 139 (36.2%) correctly identified direct person-to-person transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Attitudes towards hygiene and AMR prevention were favourable, with all mean scores above 2.50. Reported hygiene practices were generally appropriate, with item mean scores ranging from 3.33 to 3.60, all exceeding the 2.50 benchmark.

Conclusion: Residents demonstrated good knowledge of AMR, favourable attitudes towards hygiene and AMR prevention, and generally appropriate reported hygiene practices. However, an important gap remained in knowledge of person-to-person transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Continued community-based health education focusing on AMR transmission and responsible antibiotic use is recommended to strengthen prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.

Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance; Knowledge; Attitudes; Hygiene Practices; Community Health.

23

References

  1. Alabi, E. D., Rabiu, A. G., & Adesoji, A. T. (2025). A review of antimicrobial resistance challenges in Nigeria: The need for a One Health approach. One Health, 20, 101053. ScienceDirect https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101053
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025). Antimicrobial resistance facts and stats. CDC CDC — Antimicrobial Resistance Facts and Stats
  3. Dejene, H., Birhanu, R., & Tarekegn, Z. S. (2022). Knowledge, attitude and practices of residents toward antimicrobial usage and resistance in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. One Health Outlook, 4, 10. Springer Link https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-022-00066-x
  4. Endale, H., Mathewos, M., & Abdeta, D. (2023). Potential causes of spread of antimicrobial resistance and preventive measures in One Health perspective: A review. Infection and Drug Resistance, 16, 7515–7545. PubMed https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S428837
  5. Hotor, P., Kotey, F. C. N., & Donkor, E. S. (2025). Antibiotic resistance in hospital wastewater in West Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 25, 1364. Springer Link https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22513-w
  6. Ikimi, N. U., Nwhator, S. O., Uguru, N., Bello, S. A., Obagbemiro Obagbemiro, K. O., Anosike, A. N., Umanah, A. U., & Okereke, U. P. (2026). Awareness and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among dental students in Nigeria: A multi-centre cross-sectional study. Nigerian Dental Journal, 34(2). Nigerian Dental Journal https://doi.org/10.61172/mg586753
  7. Mbanefo, O. D., Madubueze, M. H. C., Anekwe, J. K., Nwadiogbu, N. M., & Egberi, A. E. (2026). Public policy responses to microbial infections and their implications for socio-economic development in Nigerian communities. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies and Innovation, 5(1), 120–131. IPS Intelligentsia https://doi.org/10.54117/iimj.v5i1.22
  8. Mike-Ogburia, M. I., & Israel, S. O. N. (2026). Knowledge, attitudes, self-reported adherence to antibiotic use, and awareness of multidrug-resistant pathogens among residents of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Discover Public Health, 23, 7. Springer Link https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-01322-x
  9. Otu, A. A., Onwusaka, O. C., Udoh, U. A., Effa, E. E., Inyang, J., Ebenso, B., Abdi, F., Ugbe, U. M.-J., Okwesileze, C., Ekeng, B. E., Ita, I. O., Lawal, M., Mbadiwe, E. O., & Walley, J. (2025). Knowledge and perceptions of community members on antimicrobial use and resistance in Cross River State, Nigeria. Discover Public Health, 22, 761. Springer Link https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-01125-0
  10. Ponzo, E., De Gaetano, S., Midiri, A., Mancuso, G., Giovanna, P., Giuliana, D., Zummo, S., & Biondo, C. (2024). The antimicrobial resistance pandemic is here: Implementation challenges and the need for the One Health approach. Hygiene, 4(3), 297–316. MDPI https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene4030024
  11. Sartorius, B., Gray, A. P., Weaver, N. D., Aguilar, G. R., Swetschinski, L. R., Ikuta, K. S., Mestrovic, T., Chung, E., Wool, E. E., Han, C., Gershberg Hayoon, A., Araki, D. T., Abd-Elsalam, S., Aboagye, R. G., Adamu, L. H., Adepoju, A. V., Ahmed, A., Akalu, G. T., Akande-Sholabi, W., ... Naghavi, M. (2024). The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO African region in 2019: A cross-country systematic analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 12(2), e201–e216. PubMed Central (PMC) https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00539-9
  12. Sassi, A., Basher, N. S., Kirat, H., Meradji, S., Ibrahim, N. A., Idres, T., & Touati, A. (2025). The role of the environment (water, air, soil) in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance: A One Health perspective. Antibiotics, 14(8), 764. MDPI https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14080764
  13. Sati, H., Carrara, E., Savoldi, A., Hansen, P., Garlasco, J., Campagnaro, E., Boccia, S., Castillo-Polo, J. A., Magrini, E., Garcia-Vello, P., Wool, E., Gigante, V., Duffy, E., Cassini, A., Huttner, B., Ramon Pardo, P., Naghavi, M., Mirzayev, F., Zignol, M., ... Tacconelli, E. (2025). The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: A prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 25(9), 1033–1043. PubMed https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00118-5
  14. Simegn, W., & Moges, G. (2022). Awareness and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and factors associated with knowledge among adults in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 17(12), e0279342. PLOS https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279342
  15. Tang, K. W. K., Millar, B. C., & Moore, J. E. (2023). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR). British Journal of Biomedical Science, 80, 11387. PubMed Central (PMC) https://doi.org/10.3389/bjbs.2023.11387
  16. World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Organisation for Animal Health, & United Nations Environment Programme. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework: Guidance for United Nations country teams. World Health Organization WHO publication — Antimicrobial resistance and the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework
Show All References
How to cite
Publication statics
  • Download2
  • ABSTRACT VIEWS23
  • References16
Download this journalOpen pdf in browser
share
Facebook-f Linkedin-in Jws-icon-x-twitter Link
Related publications

COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING PRACTICES AMONG LACTATING MOTHERS ATTENDING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PREMARITAL GENOTYPE SCREENING AMONG YOUTHS IN A NIGERIAN LGA

Cite this Publication

APA 7th Edition

Olosasa H.O., Adewoye, S.O., Omotoso I.O., Musa H.S. (2026). KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND HYGIENE PRACTICES TOWARDS ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN ILORIN WEST LGA, NIGERIA. Home of Research Journal.

MLA 9th Edition

Olosasa H.O., Adewoye, S.O., Omotoso I.O., Musa H.S. “KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND HYGIENE PRACTICES TOWARDS ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN ILORIN WEST LGA, NIGERIA.” Home of Research, 2026.

Harvard

Olosasa H.O., Adewoye, S.O., Omotoso I.O., Musa H.S. (2026) KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND HYGIENE PRACTICES TOWARDS ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN ILORIN WEST LGA, NIGERIA, Home of Research.

Chicago Style

Olosasa H.O., Adewoye, S.O., Omotoso I.O., Musa H.S. “KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND HYGIENE PRACTICES TOWARDS ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN ILORIN WEST LGA, NIGERIA.” Home of Research. 2026.